Resources
| Economic Development Before 1975 |
| Firstly, for purposes of clarification, we must situate development policy within the broad areas of economic policy. Development policy aims, obviously, at development, and affects the entire spectrum of changes in a society, as well as the mentality of people, in order to increase national production in a stable fashion.
more... |
|
|
|
| The Independent State's Economic Role |
| The Presidency of Bishara al-Khoury (1943-1952): more... |
|
|
|
| The Presidency of Camille Chamoun (1952-1958): |
| This period was also marked by a liberal economy, although it was joined with greater state activity, especially in terms of spending on public needs. On the institutional level, a number of significant measures were enacted, the most prominent of which were the banking secrecy law, the increase in large-scale construction, and the protection of industry. Meanwhile, the state maintained the strictly orthodox financial policy which had existed under President Khoury.
more... |
|
|
|
| The Presidency of Fuad Chehab (1958-1964): |
| This era was characterized by the linking of economic planning to the concepts of development, social justice, and national unity. Keynesian concepts were grafted on to classical liberalism, which was exemplified by the employment of French IRFED team, the development of the Ministry of Planning, and the establishment of a Central Directorate for Statistics.
more... |
|
|
|
| The Presidency of Charles Helou (1964-1970): |
| This period was marked by a series of political and economic crises and attempts to confront them, including the Intra Bank crisis of 1966, the June 1967 Six Day war, and the crises of 1969 and 1970. It was also characterized by a gradual and partial return to classical economic liberalism, and to the gradual abandonment of planned development policies. In its efforts to respond to the various crises, the state pursued a number of policies:
more... |
|
|
|
| The Presidency of Suleiman Franjiyyeh (1970-1976): |
| This period was distinguished by rapid economic growth interrupted by periods of violent political, social, and economic crises. more... |
|
|
|
| Assessing the Economic Experience of the Independe |
| There is no doubt that the role of the State between 1943 and 1975 was not the only influence on economic developments in Lebanon. Regional developments also had an impact on the growth of the Lebanese economy: the Arab-Israeli war of 1948, coups in Syria, Egypt, and Iraq and their positive effects on the Lebanese economy - the rise in oil revenues in the Gulf countries, and the consequences of the 1967 war, all led to a number of trends in the Lebanese economy during this period: more... |
|
|
|
| The Partial Disappearance of the State After 1975 |
| The consequences of the disappearance of the state in the national economy began to appear at the end of the 1960s. After the war broke out in 1975, the first institution whose effectiveness became paralyzed was the Customs Authority. Smuggling became widespread and deprived the treasury of revenues, subjecting Lebanese industry to the effects of an inundation of foreign goods.
more... |
|
|
|
| The Presidencies During and After the War |
| It is useful here to remind ourselves, if only briefly, of the most important characteristics of development policy during the civil war (1975-1990) and at the beginning of the Second Republic (1990-1993):
more... |
|
|
|
| Elements of Future Development Policy |
| Following the conclusion of the war in Lebanon, and as the impact of a regional 'peace' becomes clear, it is necessary for the state to determine a medium- and long- range development policy, taking past experiences into account. This must determine the goals and the means of development policy on three levels: the general, the sectoral, and the regional.
more... |
|
|
|
|
